Chilblains, also known as pernio or acrocyanosis, are small, itchy, and painful lesions that can occur on the skin when it is exposed to cold temperatures, especially after it has been warmed. They are most commonly found on the toes, fingers, heels, and ears, and can cause redness, swelling, and blistering.
Chilblains occur when the small blood vessels in the skin constrict in response to cold temperatures. When the skin is warmed, the blood vessels expand, leading to an increased blood flow to the affected area. This can cause inflammation and damage to the small blood vessels and surrounding tissue, resulting in chilblains.
Chilblains are more common in people who have poor circulation, including those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, lupus, and scleroderma. They are also more common in people who have poor nutrition or are underweight.
Treatment for chilblains involves keeping the affected area warm and dry, and avoiding further exposure to cold temperatures. Topical creams and ointments, such as corticosteroids, can be used to reduce inflammation and itching. In severe cases, oral medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may be necessary.
Overall, chilblains are a common and often painful condition that can occur when the skin is exposed to cold temperatures. It is important for individuals to take steps to protect themselves from cold exposure and to seek treatment if chilblains develop.
